centos浅谈之rpm和rpmbuild

分类：CentOS教程 阅读：25173 次

一、简介

RPM（Red Hat Package Manager）是用于 Linux 分发版（distribution）的最常见的软件包管理器。RPM包命名方式：name-version-release.architecture.rpm。RPM有五种基本的操作功能：安装、卸载、升级、查询和验证。这五种基本功能的实现仅仅需要用rpm + 选项 + rpm包就能轻易地实现。

如果想发布rpm格式的源码包或者是二进制包，就要使用rpmbuild工具（rpm最新打包工具）。rpmbuild根据本地源码包的成功编译安装而写了spec文件（该文件要以.spec结束）。

二、详解

1、RPM

（1）rpm二进制包（.rpm文件）

常用命令组合：

  1. －ivh：安装显示安装进度--install--verbose--hash
  2. －Uvh：升级软件包--Update；
  3. －qpl：列出RPM软件包内的文件信息[QueryPackagelist]；
  4. －qpi：列出RPM软件包的描述信息[QueryPackageinstallpackage(s)]；
  5. －qf：查找指定文件属于哪个RPM软件包[QueryFile]；
  6. －Va：校验所有的RPM软件包，查找丢失的文件[ViewLost]；
  7. －e：删除包

1）安装：

rpm -i your-package.rpm（your-package.rpm是rpm包的文件名），安装过程中可能出现下面的警告或者提示：.. conflict with ... ，则可能是要安装的包里有一些文件可能会覆盖现有的文件，缺省时这样的情况下是无法正确安装的可以用rpm-i--force强制安装即可。若出现... is needed by ...和... is not installed ... 此包需要的一些软件你没有安装可以用rpm-i--nodeps可以忽略所有依赖关系和文件问题，什么包都能安装上，但这种强制安装的软件包不能保证完全发挥功能 。

2）查询：

rpm -qa 将列出所有安装过的包 ，rpm-qa|grephttpd ＃[搜索指定rpm包是否安装]--all搜索*httpd*
rpm-qlhttpd ＃[搜索rpm包]--list所有文件安装目录
which mysql #查找rpm包中的文件安装到那里去了
rpm-qpiLinux-1.4-6.i368.rpm　＃[查看rpm包]--query--package--installpackage信息
rpm-qpfLinux-1.4-6.i368.rpm　＃[查看rpm包]--file
rpm-qpRfile.rpm　　　　　　　＃[查看包]依赖关系
查找rpm中包含哪些文件：一个没有安装过的软件包，使用rpm -qlp *.rpm；一个已经安装的软件包，可以使用rpm -ql *.rpm 。
获取关于一个软件包的信息：一个没有安装过的软件包，使用rpm -qlp *.rpm ；一个已经安装过的软件包，使用rpm -qi *.rpm。

  1. %definelivearches%{ix86}x86_64ppcppc64
  2. %define_libdir%{_prefix}/lib
  4. Summary:Graphicalsysteminstaller
  5. Name:anaconda
  6. Version:13.21.176
  7. Release:1%{?dist}
  8. License:GPLv2+
  9. Group:Applications/System
  10. URL:http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda
  12. #TogenerateSource0do:
  13. #gitclonehttp://git.fedorahosted.org/git/anaconda.git
  14. #gitcheckout-barchive-branchanaconda-%{version}-%{release}
  15. #./autogen.sh
  16. #./configure
  17. #makedist
  18. Source0:%{name}-%{version}.tar.bz2
  19. Patch1000:anaconda-centos-installclass.patch
  20. Patch1001:anaconda-centos-upgrade-from-centos.patch
  21. Patch1002:anaconda-centos-droprepos.patch
  23. BuildRoot:%{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-%{release}-root-%(%{__id_u}-n)
  25. #Versionsofrequiredcomponents(donesowemakesurethebuildrequires
  26. #matchtherequiresversionsofthings).
  27. %definedmver1.02.17-6
  28. %definegettextver0.11
  29. %definegenisoimagever1.1.9-4
  30. %defineintltoolver0.31.2-3
  31. %definelibnlver1.0
  32. %definelibselinuxver1.6
  33. %definepykickstartver1.74.8
  34. %definerpmpythonver4.2-0.61
  35. %defineslangver2.0.6-2
  36. %defineyumver2.9.2
  37. %definepartedver1.8.1
  38. %definepypartedver3.0
  39. %definesyscfgdatever1.9.48
  40. %definepythonpyblockver0.45-2
  41. %definee2fsver1.41.0
  42. %definenmver1:0.7.1-3.git20090414
  43. %definedbusver1.2.3
  44. %definecreaterepover0.4.7
  45. %defineyumutilsver1.1.11-3
  46. %defineiscsiver6.2.0.870-3
  47. %definepythoncryptsetupver0.0.6
  48. %definemehver0.8
  49. %definesckeyboardver1.3.1
  50. %definelibblkid2.17.1-1
  51. %definefcoeutilsver1.0.12-3.20100323git
  52. %defineisomd5sumver1.0.6
  54. BuildRequires:audit-libs-devel
  55. BuildRequires:bzip2-devel
  56. BuildRequires:device-mapper-devel>=%{dmver}
  57. BuildRequires:e2fsprogs-devel>=%{e2fsver}
  58. BuildRequires:elfutils-devel
  59. BuildRequires:gettext>=%{gettextver}
  60. BuildRequires:gtk2-devel
  61. BuildRequires:intltool>=%{intltoolver}
  62. BuildRequires:isomd5sum-devel>=%{isomd5sumver}
  63. BuildRequires:libarchive-devel
  64. BuildRequires:libX11-devel
  65. BuildRequires:libXt-devel
  66. BuildRequires:libXxf86misc-devel
  67. BuildRequires:libblkid-devel>=%{libblkid}
  68. BuildRequires:libcurl-devel
  69. BuildRequires:libnl-devel>=%{libnlver}
  70. BuildRequires:libselinux-devel>=%{libselinuxver}
  71. BuildRequires:libsepol-devel
  72. BuildRequires:libxml2-python
  73. BuildRequires:newt-devel
  74. BuildRequires:pango-devel
  75. BuildRequires:pykickstart>=%{pykickstartver}
  76. BuildRequires:python-devel
  77. BuildRequires:python-urlgrabber>=3.9.1-5
  78. BuildRequires:rpm-devel
  79. BuildRequires:rpm-python>=%{rpmpythonver}
  80. BuildRequires:slang-devel>=%{slangver}
  81. BuildRequires:xmlto
  82. BuildRequires:yum>=%{yumver}
  83. BuildRequires:zlib-devel
  84. BuildRequires:NetworkManager-devel>=%{nmver}
  85. BuildRequires:NetworkManager-glib-devel>=%{nmver}
  86. BuildRequires:dbus-devel>=%{dbusver}
  87. BuildRequires:system-config-keyboard>=%{sckeyboardver}
  88. %ifarch%livearches
  89. BuildRequires:desktop-file-utils
  90. %endif
  91. BuildRequires:iscsi-initiator-utils-devel>=%{iscsiver}
  92. %ifarchs390s390x
  93. BuildRequires:s390utils-devel
  94. %endif
  96. Requires:python-meh>=%{mehver}
  97. Requires:policycoreutils
  98. Requires:rpm-python>=%{rpmpythonver}
  99. Requires:comps-extras
  100. Requires:parted>=%{partedver}
  101. Requires:pyparted>=%{pypartedver}
  102. Requires:yum>=%{yumver}
  103. Requires:libxml2-python
  104. Requires:python-urlgrabber>=3.9.1-5
  105. Requires:system-logos
  106. Requires:pykickstart>=%{pykickstartver}
  107. Requires:system-config-date>=%{syscfgdatever}
  108. Requires:device-mapper>=%{dmver}
  109. Requires:device-mapper-libs>=%{dmver}
  110. Requires:dosfstools
  111. Requires:e2fsprogs>=%{e2fsver}
  112. Requires:gzip
  113. Requires:xz
  114. Requires:libarchive
  115. %ifarch%{ix86}x86_64ia64
  116. Requires:dmidecode
  117. %endif
  118. Requires:python-pyblock>=%{pythonpyblockver}
  119. Requires:libuser-python
  120. Requires:newt-python
  121. Requires:authconfig
  122. Requires:system-config-firewall-base
  123. Requires:cryptsetup-luks
  124. Requires:python-cryptsetup>=%{pythoncryptsetupver}
  125. Requires:mdadm
  126. Requires:lvm2
  127. Requires:util-linux-ng>=2.15.1
  128. Requires:system-config-keyboard>=%{sckeyboardver}
  129. Requires:dbus-python
  130. Requires:cracklib-python
  131. Requires:python-nss
  132. Requires:tigervnc-server
  133. %ifarch%livearches
  134. Requires:usermode
  135. Requires:zenity
  136. %endif
  137. Requires:createrepo>=%{createrepover}
  138. Requires:squashfs-tools
  139. Requires:genisoimage>=%{genisoimagever}
  140. %ifarch%{ix86}x86_64
  141. Requires:syslinux>=3.73
  142. Requires:makebootfat
  143. Requires:device-mapper
  144. %endif
  145. %ifarchs390s390x
  146. Requires:openssh
  147. %endif
  148. Requires:isomd5sum
  149. Requires:yum-utils>=%{yumutilsver}
  150. Requires:NetworkManager>=%{nmver}
  151. Requires:dhclient
  152. Requires:anaconda-yum-plugins
  153. Requires:libselinux-python>=%{libselinuxver}
  154. Requires:fcoe-utils>=%{fcoeutilsver}
  155. %ifarch%{sparc}
  156. Requires:elftoaoutpiggyback
  157. %endif
  158. Obsoletes:anaconda-images<=10
  159. Provides:anaconda-images=%{version}-%{release}
  160. Obsoletes:anaconda-runtime<%{version}-%{release}
  161. Provides:anaconda-runtime=%{version}-%{release}
  162. Obsoletes:booty
  164. %description
  165. Theanacondapackagecontainstheprogramwhichwasusedtoinstallyour
  166. system.Thesefilesareoflittleuseonanalreadyinstalledsystem.
  168. %prep
  169. %setup-q
  170. %patch1000-p1
  171. %patch1001-p1
  172. %patch1002-p1
  175. %build
  176. %configure--disable-static
  177. %{__make}%{?_smp_mflags}
  179. %install
  180. %{__rm}-rf%{buildroot}
  181. %{__make}installDESTDIR=%{buildroot}
  182. find%{buildroot}-typef-name"*.la"|xargs%{__rm}
  184. %ifarch%livearches
  185. desktop-file-install--vendor=""--dir=%{buildroot}%{_datadir}/applications%{buildroot}%{_datadir}/applications/liveinst.desktop
  186. %else
  187. %{__rm}-rf%{buildroot}%{_bindir}/liveinst%{buildroot}%{_sbindir}/liveinst
  188. %endif
  190. %find_lang%{name}
  192. %clean
  193. %{__rm}-rf%{buildroot}
  195. %ifarch%livearches
  196. %post
  197. update-desktop-database&>/dev/null||:
  198. %endif
  200. %ifarch%livearches
  201. %postun
  202. update-desktop-database&>/dev/null||:
  203. %endif
  205. %files-f%{name}.lang
  206. %defattr(-,root,root)
  207. %docCOPYING
  208. %docdocs/command-line.txt
  209. %docdocs/install-methods.txt
  210. %docdocs/mediacheck.txt
  211. %docdocs/anaconda-release-notes.txt
  212. /lib/udev/rules.d/70-anaconda.rules
  213. %{_sbindir}/anaconda
  214. %ifarchi386i486i586i686x86_64
  215. %{_sbindir}/gptsync
  216. %{_sbindir}/showpart
  217. %endif
  218. %{_datadir}/anaconda
  219. %{_prefix}/lib/anaconda
  220. %{_prefix}/lib/anaconda-runtime
  221. %ifarch%livearches
  222. %{_bindir}/liveinst
  223. %{_sbindir}/liveinst
  224. %config(noreplace)%{_sysconfdir}/pam.d/*
  225. %config(noreplace)%{_sysconfdir}/security/console.apps/*
  226. %{_sysconfdir}/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d/*
  227. %{_datadir}/applications/*.desktop
  228. %{_datadir}/icons/hicolor/*
  229. %endif
  231. %changelog
  232. *SatJun232012KaranbirSingh<kbsingh@centos.org>-13.21.176.1.el6.centos
  233. -BuildforCentOS-6.3

三、总结

（1）IBM官方网站中rpm包的使用讲解的很全面，参看http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/management/package/rpm/part1/和rpmbuild的spec文件的解析参看http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-rpm/。

（2）rpm和rpmbuild内容众多丰富，该博客总结部分内容，以便使用时能快速查找到。

（3）若有读者想沟通交流的，可发信息到邮箱yang.ao@i-soft.com.cn。

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